Selected publications and ongoing work. Explore my technical background, view my engineering projects, or check out my professional experience. For more research resources, visit ResearchGate and Zenodo.
Contrasts neoliberal economics with Nick Hanauer's 'new economics' and explores implications for engineering decision making. Neoliberalism is defined as a policy and ideological project centered on liberalization, deregulation, privatization, and fiscal austerity. Recent empirical research shows that neoliberal reforms systematically raise inequality, worsen health and social outcomes, and strain democratic accountability. New economics treats the economy as a designed system whose rules can be rewritten to support inclusive prosperity. Analyzes Hanauer's five rules of thumb linking contemporary evidence on inequality, health, poverty risk, and institutional design, arguing that engineering economics should move beyond narrow efficiency metrics toward evaluation criteria incorporating distributional impacts, externalities, stakeholder welfare, and long-term resilience.
View on ResearchGateExamines recent developments in the global Industry 4.0 market, emphasizing the central role of IoT in transforming industrial operations. Industry 4.0 integrates automation, data exchange, and advanced analytics to create intelligent, interconnected production systems through cyber-physical systems, digital twins, and layered architectures combining sensing, connectivity, edge computing, and cloud analytics. Analyzes academic databases and industry reports from 2015-2025, with emphasis on edge computing, private 5G networks, and AI advancements. Findings demonstrate that manufacturing, logistics, automotive, and aerospace sectors lead adoption, with organizations like Siemens, Bosch, and Amazon deploying IoT solutions for smart factories, predictive maintenance, warehouse automation, and real-time tracking.
View on ResearchGateComprehensive BPM project conducted as an internship initiative at Asra Soft, a software services organization in Karachi, Pakistan. Applies the BPM lifecycle methodology by Dumas et al. (2018) to identify, model, analyze, and redesign core business processes. The Technical Assistance process was selected as the optimal candidate due to its significant revenue generation, direct customer satisfaction impact, and substantial improvement opportunities. Demonstrates how systematic BPM implementation brings significant performance improvements, reduces costs, decreases process cycle time, and enhances overall customer satisfaction.
View on ResearchGateExplores how machine learning algorithms can improve rainfall prediction accuracy, contributing to advancements in environmental forecasting and decision-making. Presented at the International Conference on Engineering Technologies (ICENTE'25).
View CertificateReviews the evolution of IoT technology and outlines how connected devices integrate within smart agriculture systems. Analyzes how IoT-enabled monitoring of soil moisture, temperature, nutrient levels, and weather conditions enables automated irrigation, fertilization, and climate control, delivering efficiency gains and sustainability benefits.
View on ResearchGateSystematically examines AI's effects on global employment and the economy between 2024–2030. Investigates job displacement risks from AI automation alongside opportunities in technology, data science, and human-machine collaboration. Using task-based frameworks and evidence from WEF, IMF, and industry surveys, provides sector-by-sector analysis, explores geographic disparities, and discusses skills gaps. Key findings: while 85 million jobs may be displaced, 97 million new roles are expected, emphasizing the need for upskilling, collaborative human-AI integration, and equitable policy interventions.
View on ResearchGateExamines the critical importance of databases, data collection systems, and real-time analytics in driving statistical efficiency and operational excellence within Industry 4.0 manufacturing. Explores how modern factories integrate IoT sensors, cyber-physical systems, and digital twins to collect, analyze, and act upon production data. Highlights the strategic role of Statistical Process Control, Lean, and Six Sigma methodologies in transforming raw data into actionable insights. Through practical examples from leading manufacturers including Bosch, electronics firms, and food production facilities, demonstrates how integrated data systems enable predictive maintenance, quality optimization, and waste reduction.
View on ResearchGateExamines how Industry 4.0 is reinventing manufacturing through digital technologies, smart sensors, and data-driven systems. Explores how manufacturing leaders build operations around robust databases, advanced data collection, and powerful analytics. Demonstrates how Statistical Process Control, Lean, and Six Sigma methodologies, enhanced by real-time data, enable factories to boost quality, reduce waste, and respond quickly to challenges. Highlights that modern manufacturing success depends on the strategic collection, understanding, and application of information for continuous improvement.
View on ResearchGateTraces the historical trajectory of AI in academia from early theoretical explorations in the 1950s to contemporary large language models. Drawing upon systematic analyses of more than 400 peer-reviewed studies, identifies critical research gaps including empirical validation of learning outcomes, academic integrity challenges, instructor adoption barriers, and reproducibility concerns. Findings reveal that generative AI demonstrates significant positive impacts on student learning (effect size g = 0.867), with exponential increases in research productivity among early adopters, particularly benefiting early-career researchers and non-English-speaking scholars. Concludes with recommendations emphasizing institutional policy development, ethical frameworks, faculty development initiatives, and continued empirical investigation.
View on ResearchGateExplores VR, AR, MR, Digital Twins, Blockchain, and AI as foundations of the Metaverse; applications across education/healthcare/manufacturing/entertainment; challenges in cost, privacy, security, and ethics.
View on ResearchGateIdentifies actuators, sensors, and control layers in mechatronic systems; applies to Tesla Optimus with compact joint modules, multimodal sensing, and layered whole‑body control.
View on ResearchGateAnalyzes value creation across preparation, processing, assembly, finishing, and packaging. Shows Industry 4.0 enablers and quant evidence (battery pack costs, electrode processing); argues advantage is shifting to orchestration layer.
View on ResearchGateThe Amazon order fulfillment process represents a paradigm of large-scale, technology-enhanced logistics operations combining advanced automation, machine learning, and human oversight to achieve rapid, reliable, and cost-efficient delivery. Customer orders, initiated via multiple digital platforms, are processed through secure payment systems with real-time fraud detection. Orders are algorithmically assigned to geographically optimal fulfillment centers leveraging predictive inventory and demand forecasting models. Robotic "goods-to-person" systems, barcode verification, and dynamic packing algorithms enhance picking accuracy and packing efficiency. Automated sorting and multi-modal shipping, including air freight and last-mile gig economy drivers, enable robust distribution networks. Predictive analytics and IoT-enabled tracking improve on-time delivery rates by enabling dynamic rerouting. Post-delivery, AI-powered customer support and streamlined returns processing maintain customer satisfaction. Continuous operational data collection and machine learning-driven analytics underpin ongoing optimization, offering a case study in the integration of digital technologies and traditional logistics. 1000+ reads on ResearchGate.
View on ResearchGateCritical synthesis across automation, sensing, networking, AI twins, sustainability, and advanced materials; introduces maturity and value frameworks with a nano‑coatings case study.
View on ResearchGate